Differences between biomimesis and formal imitation in architectural design practices

Abstract

In this study, the importance of integrating environmentally friendly buildings that integrate with nature while responding to human needs and based on human-nature interaction into architectural design is emphasised. In order to establish a healthy relationship between nature and architecture, design processes should be shaped by following the processes in nature and being inspired by nature (Figure A). If observation-based processes are neglected, there is a risk of designs that only imitate nature superficially instead of an approach to understand it in depth. In this context, the distinction between process-orientated and result-orientated approaches allows for the differentiation of design conceptions between the concepts of biomimesis and formal imitation. Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyse the ambiguous boundaries between the biomimetic approach and formal imitation through examples of buildings inspired by natural forms and to present the conceptual distinction more clearly and systematically. Theory and Methods: In order to clarify the conceptual ambiguity between biomimesis and formal imitation, 12 building examples designed with different formal approaches were examined; the findings obtained were analysed and evaluated through quantitative data. Results: As a result of the evaluations carried out in order to clarify the boundary between biomimesis and formal imitation; it is determined that basic design factors such as observation, process, repetition, integrity and harmony play a decisive role and especially zoomorphic and phytomorphic forms stand out as the most appropriate formal strategies for the architectural biomimesis approach. Conclusion: In cases where natural processes are not sufficiently analysed or comprehended in the design process, it has been observed that the integration of natural forms into architectural design mostly remain at the level of formal imitation. It has been determined that the concepts of observation, process, repetition, integrity and harmony play an important role to clarify the uncertain and confusing boundaries between biomimesis and formal imitation. Defining this conceptual distinction clearly is critical for the development of nature-integrated approaches in future architectural designs and will strengthen the place of biomimesis in architectural design practice.